Subway or tunnel construction.



- tion showing RICHARD w. RAFTIs, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,

To EDWARD I. EASTMAN,

OF CHICAGO.' ILLINOIS.

`SlIJBWAY OR TUNNEL COINSTRUCTIQN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ou. so, 1906.

- Appunti@ ned Apruzv. e. saam. 314.015.

.To all whom t may con/cern.-

Be it known that I, RICHARD WRAE'IIS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented a new and Improved' Subway or Tunnel Construction, of which thefollowing is a specification.v A

My invention relates more v articularly to that 'class of subways ortunneIsin which eX- treme dryness is a desirable feature, but 'isapplicable on account of its cheapness of construction to all typesV ofsubwaysI or tunnels, and has for its object to produce a tunnel orsubway which will be impervious to moisture and which will prevent thecondensation of moisture upon the inner wall of the said tunnel and toaccomplishthe above results in an exceedingly inexpensive manner.

The means of accomplishing the above re'- sults may be more easilycomprehended'by having reference to the accompanying drawings, which arehereunto annexed and are a part of this specification, in which- Figure1 1s a cross-section of a tunnel or subway, showing my improvedconstruction in use. Fig. 2 is an enlargeddetail view in section on lineX X in Fig. 1.. Fig. 3 is a seca portion of the arch in enlargeddetail.'

Similar figures refer to similar throughout the entire description.

In F ig. 1 the wall of the tunnel isconparts structed of' a mass ofconcrete 1, which forms theA sides and arch f the tunnel or subway`Metal binding members sary, in its construction. The base consists oftwo layers 2 and 3 of concrete ha ving a row of hollow tiles. 4 put inbetween the two layers. It is necessary that the upper layer 2 should beof sufficient thickness to I'event the traffic from crushing the courseo hollow tilc'4. I/Vithin the layer of concreto which forms the outersurface of the side walls and arch l erect an inner layer of tile, whichis formed, better seen in the detailviews, with a main. body portion 5,which is formed with hollow openings 6 extending therethrough. The mainbody is rectangular and has on one side securing-arms 7, S, and 9. Thesearms extend outwardly and have on their adjacent faces inwarolyrojectinglugs or Shoulders 10. These shoul ers are formed by angles 117 which areforty-ivel and extend from a point 12 slightly above riay be used, ifnecesdegrees the side faces 13 of the main body portion 5. Practice hasshown that the best results are obtained by using anangle of forty-fivedegrees on these shoulders. p

It is necessary as a rule in constructing tunnelsorv subways o concreteto erect a sta inv of timbers to support the concrete, an w en bn'ck'isemplo ed it is necessary not only to erectthe staging, masons, and avery vconslderable amount of .exceedingly skilled labor is emplo ed indoing the maso -work on tunns so constructed. By t e use of my improvedconstruction no masonry-work is necessaryat all and only the verycheapest labor 1s 'mployed'to set the'tile instead of the skilledmasons, as in other forms of construction,

and where my construction is used it makes a"perfectly dry subway ortunnel, which is not the case either of the brick or concreteconstruction except where hollow tile are built up on the interior ofthe walls, which again increases the expense, owing to the fact that ithas to be put up by masons.

In constructing a tunnel utilizing my improvement after the staging iserected all that is necessary to do is to lay the tile loosely upon thestagin and then when the concrete is spilled in t e' hardening of theconcrete does all of the work necessary to do to form a wall which willbe impervious' to moisture and upon whose inner surface no 'condensationwill take place, and the whole results-in a erfectly dry constructionatja minimum oiPcost.

Having described my invention, what' I desire to secure byLetters'Patent is- I 1. A tunnel or subway having its walls formed of anouter layer of concrete and an internal lining of tile, said tile beingformed of a main body portion having openings therein, securing-armsprojected from onel of the side faces of being provided with inwardlyextending shoulders, said shoulders being formed by an angle of fort-five de rees extend-ing from a point upon t e arm s ightly beyond theside ace of the body ortion, for the purpose set forth substantial y asdescribed.

2. A tunnel or subway whe walls consist of the combination of concretehaving a plurality of `binding members located therein with an internallining of tiles, said tiles consisting of a main body portion having anASSIGNOR OF- ONE-SIXTH but to employ the sald body portion, said armsopening therethrough, and a pluralit}v of securing-arms projected fromone of the side faces ofthe said body portion, said arms he- 'ingprovided with inwardly-extending shoul- 5 ders, for the purpose setforth substantiallyT j as described.`

3'. A tunnel or subwayhaving its side walls and arch formed bj. theeombinat ion of eoncrete with an inner lining of tiles, the said lo.tiles consisting of a bod)v portion having openings therethrough andsecuring-arms projected from one of the side faces of the said bodyportion, said arms being provided with inwanlhY extending shoulders,said i5 shoulders being formed by an angle of forty- -ive degreesextending from a point upon the arm slightly beyond the side face of thebody portion, for the purpose set forth substantiallyasdescrihed. j

4. A tunnel or subwajV having its side walls and arch formed by thecombination of concrete with an' inner linin of tiles, the said tilesconsisting of 'a bot y portion having *openings therethrough andsecuring-arms 2 5 projected from one ofA the side faces of the said bodyportion, said arms being provided 1 `with inwardly extending Shoulders,said 'shoulders being formed by an langle of fortyfive degrees extendingfrom a point upon the arm slightly beyond the side face of the body`portion, the bottom or loor wall boing formed of two lavers ofconcrete, having a` layer of hollow tile located between the two layers,`.111 combined and arranged substantia-llyY as `set forth.

5. A tunnel or subway -having its side walls and areh formed of. thecombination of concrete having a pluralit)Y of binding members loe-atedtherein with an inner lining of tiles` the said tiles consisting of abody portion having` openings therethrough and securingarms projectedJfrom one of the side faces of j thc` said body portion, said arms beingprovided with in\\ardl`\f-extending shoulders, said shoulders beingformed by an angle of fortv-iive degrees extending from a point upon thearm IslighthY beyond the side face. of l the body portion, the. bottomor loor wall be ing formed of two layers of concrete, having l a layerof hollow tile located between the two S layers, all combined andarranged substain "Y tiall)Y as set forth.

RlCHAltD YV. RAF'llS.

Vitnesses: j H. L. DoDsoN, j J. ll. CARRoLL.

